基于最新统计分类标准的数字经济发展水平测度

随着信息技术的发展,数字经济已经成为经济增长的"新引擎"。但由于缺乏权威的产业统计分类标准,学者们一直面临"数字经济研究缺乏数字依据"的尴尬境地。文章基于国家统计局公布并实施的《数字经济及其核心产业统计分类(2021)》中的分类标准,对各省份统计年鉴的数据进行重新整理,利用熵权法构建数字经济发展指数,测度了我国30个省份的数字经济发展水平,分析了各省份数字经济发展的差异以及时空特征。研究发现,2009—2019年我国数字经济产业发展迅猛,各项子产业都取得了长足的进步。相比较而言,数字要素驱动业发展速度略低于其他三个子产业;数字经济发展存在着明显的区域不平衡。东中部地区的数字经济发展状况明显优于西部地区,南方优于北方,而且区域不平衡有持续扩大趋势。     

科技创新、产业复杂度与经济增长

科技创新能够通过产业复杂度的变化对经济增长产生影响.以1995—2019年世界银行和哈佛大学Atlas数据库的科技创新为研究样本,运用中介效应检验方法,考察科技创新如何通过纺织类、农业类、钻石类、矿产类、金属类、化工类、汽车类、设备类和电子类的产业复杂度变化来影响国民生产总值,从而揭示了科技创新如何通过产业复杂度的变化影响经济增长的机理.研究结果表明:从总体上看,科技创新影响经济增长的过程中,产业复杂度的中介效应量为90.83％,具有显著性,其中农业类、钻石类以及矿产类相关系数为负,其他类别相关系数为正,电子类作用程度最高.区分经济体类型的研究结果显示:产业复杂度的中介效应存在异质性,发达经济体、亚洲经济体、技术密集型经济体存在相对优势,而且科技创新促进经济增长开启了"机会窗口期",后发经济体可以实现"弯道超车".这一研究结论有助于丰富科技创新领域的相关成果,能够为引导产业转型升级方向、提高国家经济增长能力提供理论依据和经验借鉴.     

民国时期汉语语文辞书词性标注研究——以《王云五大辞典》为例

民国时期为我国汉语语文辞书古今转型的关键时期,《王云五大辞典》是该时期第一部采用现代汉语语法体系为字词标注词性的白话词典,本文对《王云五大辞典》的词类划分依据和词性标注特点进行了较为系统的剖析,并与其他代表性辞书的词性标注加以对比,总结《王云五大辞典》在词性标注理念的时代创新性,也指出其字词词性标注中存在的不足,供当前的辞书编纂参考借鉴。     

Benevolence-dominant,authoritarianism-dominant,and classical paternalistic leadership: Testing their relationships with subordinate performance

We propose a new typology of paternalistic leadership styles based on how leaders demonstrate authoritarianism and benevolence, the two essential components of this type of leadership. Benevolence-dominant paternalistic leadership refers to leaders' sole dependence on the use of benevolence without their strong assertion of authority, whereas authoritarianism-dominant paternalistic leadership is based mainly on authoritarianism itself; classical paternalistic leadership, which best fits early observations of paternalistic leaders, refers to the salient combination of both leadership components. We used two distinct samples and methods to test this typology and the association with subordinate performance. Across the two studies, a field investigation with Taiwanese military supervisor-subordinate dyads and a hypothetical scenario experiment with U.S. working adults, we found a positive relationship between classical paternalistic leadership and subordinate performance as strong as that between benevolence-dominant paternalistic leadership and performance. Our findings echo the phenomenon that paternalistic leaders tend to combine benevolence with authoritarianism to affect subordinate performance.     

Vocational Experiences and Quality of Life of Migrants: Overview and Future Research

Quality of life is a complicated concept that has attracted broad attention from multiple disciplines. This article introduces a set of studies that employ diverse approaches to explore how work, vocational, and career experiences shape quality of life among migrants, and proposes a future agenda to extend this stream of research. Specifically, operationalizing quality of life in different ways, research showcased in this special issue has demonstrated how international and intranational migrants achieve, maintain, and enhance their well-being in different life domains. Reflecting on the literature and the showcased studies, this article proposes that future research should advance the current inquiry by better categorizing vocational experiences, uniquely operationalizing of quality of life in migration contexts, taking a more culturally sensitive perspective, and broadening methodological approaches.     

Household Assets,the Role of Government Assistance,and Depression Among Low-Income Families in Shanghai

As China’s economy is rapidly changing from a planned to a capitalist economy, many families find themselves financially struggling. In some cases, conflicting values and attitudes may contribute to mental health challenges such as depression that would lead to further feelings of helplessness and immobilization. Using a random sample of 1006 low-income households from Pudong District of Shanghai, China, this study aims to examine the relationships between household assets, beliefs about government as the primary way to improve economic circumstances and self-reported depressive symptoms. In addition, this study investigates the mediation effects of beliefs that government is the best change agent for improved life circumstances on the relationship between household assets and depression. We found those who indicated that government was the main means for attaining a better life had significantly higher depression levels whereas higher numbers of household assets were associated with lower depression levels. We also found that viewing government as the most important change agent only partially mediated the relationship between household assets and depression (p?<?.001). Findings from this study support anti-poverty policies and social work related practice initiatives aimed at assisting low income families in China, in particular the need to address psychological as well as economic needs.

     

磷酸酯/Fe3+ 型油基冻胶压裂液性能研究

针对磷酸酯/Al3+ 交联的油基压裂液交联速度慢，交联剂溶解性慢、稳定性差和价格高等缺点，首次对磷酸酯/Fe3+ 交联的油基压裂液体系进行了研究。通过对铁交联剂体系的优化，筛选一种磷酸酯/Fe3+ 交联的新型交联剂体系，并对磷酸酯/Fe3+ 油基冻胶压裂液性能进行了评价。结果表明：采用30%Fe2(SO4)3+15% 二乙醇胺+55% 水制备的新型交联剂体系，直接与磷酸酯混合即可形成油基冻胶，其性能不受放置时间的影响，交联速度快，成胶性能好，10 min 就可达到最大黏度；压裂液的抗温抗剪切性能高，与常规铝交联剂体系比较，压裂液成胶速度提高了20 倍，压裂液的抗温能力由原来100 ℃提高到135 ℃，并且压裂液的破胶性和滤失性等性能均能达到压裂施工的要求。     

Environmental Justice in the Context of Scientifi Uncertainty: On the Safety of Genetically Modifi Organisms

应对风险特别是科学不确定性所导致的风险，实现和维护环境正义是当今时代的 一个前沿核心议题。转基因生物安全为代表的科学不确定性背景下的环境正义，需要 建立在相应的科学研究基础之上，但在本质上乃是一种社会构建。对转基因生物技术 及其产品等现代科技的研发、应用和推广等活动，应当维护其市场自由，与此同时， 为了公共安全以及社会弱势群体的最大利益，还应当对相关科技活动进行必要的政府 干预和法律规制。     

“欲凭文字播风潮”:南社人与上海通志馆

南社是由革命者发起组织的文学团体,他们在近代方志领域产生过重要影响。上海通志馆利用社会各界的南社网络,组建志馆人事班子,从馆长到馆员都是清一色的南社成员。同时,利用南社在其他社会团体和新式媒体的影响力,为方志编纂工作提供便利,从资料收集到成果展示,广泛宣传志馆工作,将修志事业与公共空间紧密相连。     

Measuring and Achieving Equity in Multiperiod Emergency Material Allocation

Emergency material allocation is an important part of postdisaster emergency logistics that is significant for improving rescue effectiveness and reducing disaster losses. However, the traditional single‐period allocation model often causes local surpluses or shortages and high cost, and prevents the system from achieving an equitable or optimal multiperiod allocation. To achieve equitable allocation of emergency materials in the case of serious shortages relative to the demand by victims, this article introduces a multiperiod model for allocation of emergency materials to multiple affected locations (using an exponential utility function to reflect the disutility loss due to material shortfalls), and illustrates the relationship between equity of allocations and the cost of emergency response. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate both the feasibility and the usefulness of the proposed model for achieving multiperiod equitable allocation of emergency material among multiple disaster locations. The results indicate that the introduction of a nonlinear utility function to reflect the disutility of large shortfalls can make the material allocation fairer, and minimize large losses due to shortfalls. We found that achieving equity has a significant but not unreasonable impact on emergency costs. We also illustrate that using differing utility functions for different types of materials adds an important dimension of flexibility.